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剑桥雅思 15 Test 4 Part 3 Transcript / 听力原文
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1
OK, Jack. Before we plan our presentation about refrigeration,
好的，杰克。在我们计划有关制冷的演示之前，
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2
let's discuss what we've discovered so far.
让我们讨论一下到目前为止我们所发现的内容。
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3
Fine, Annie.
很好，安妮。
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4
Though I have to admit I haven't done much research yet.
尽管我必须承认我还没有做太多研究。
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5
Nor me.
我也不行。
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6
But I found an interesting article about icehouses.
但我发现了一篇关于冰屋的有趣文章。
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7
I'd seen some 18th- and 19th-century ones here in the UK,
我在英国见过一些 18 世纪和 19 世纪的作品，
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8
so I knew they were often built in a shady area or underground,
所以我知道它们通常建在阴凉处或地下，
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9
close to lakes that might freeze in the winter.
靠近冬天可能结冰的湖泊。
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10
Then blocks of ice could be cut and stored in the icehouse.
然后可以切割冰块并将其储存在冰库中。
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11
But I didn't realise that insulating the blocks with straw or sawdust meant they didn't melt for months.
但我没有意识到用稻草或锯末将这些块隔热意味着它们几个月内都不会融化。
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12
The ancient Romans had refrigeration, too.
古罗马人也有冰箱。
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13
I didn't know that.
我不知道。
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14
Yes, pits were dug in the ground,
是的，地上挖了坑，
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15
and snow was imported from the mountains -
雪是从山上运来的——
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16
even though they were at quite a distance.
尽管他们距离很远。
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17
The snow was stored in the pits.
雪被储存在坑里。
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18
Ice formed at the bottom of it.
底部结冰。
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19
Both the ice and the snow were then sold.
然后冰和雪都被卖掉了。
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20
The ice cost more than the snow
冰比雪贵
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21
and my guess is that only the wealthy members of society could afford it.
我的猜测是，只有社会上的富裕成员才能负担得起。
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22
I wouldn't be surprised.
我不会感到惊讶。
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23
I also came across an article about modern domestic fridges.
我还看到一篇关于现代家用冰箱的文章。
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24
Several different technologies are used,
使用了多种不同的技术，
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25
but they were too complex for me to understand.
但它们太复杂了，我无法理解。
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26
You have to wonder what happens when people get rid of old ones.
你一定想知道当人们摆脱旧的时会发生什么。
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27
You mean because the gases in them are harmful for the environment?
您的意思是因为其中的气体对环境有害？
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28
Exactly.
确切地。
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29
At least there are now plenty of organisations that will recycle most of the components safely,
至少现在有很多组织可以安全地回收大部分组件，
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30
but of course some people just dump old fridges in the countryside.
但当然有些人只是把旧冰箱扔到乡下。
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31
It's hard to see how they can be stopped unfortunately.
不幸的是，很难看出如何阻止它们。
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32
In the UK we get rid of three million a year altogether!
在英国，我们每年总共摆脱三百万！
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33
That sounds a lot, especially because fridges hardly ever break down.
这听起来很多，特别是因为冰箱几乎不会坏。
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34
That's right.
这是正确的。
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35
In this country we keep domestic fridges for 11 years on average,
在这个国家，我们家用冰箱的平均使用时间为 11 年，
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36
and a lot last for 20 or more.
很多可以持续20或更多。
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37
So if you divide the cost by the number of years you can use a fridge, they're not expensive,
因此，如果你将成本除以冰箱的使用年限，它们并不贵，
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38
compared with some household appliances.
与一些家用电器相比。
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39
True.
真的。
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40
I suppose manufacturers encourage people to spend more by making them different colours and designs.
我认为制造商通过制作不同的颜色和设计来鼓励人们花更多的钱。
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41
I'm sure when my parents bought their first fridge they had hardly any choice!
我确信当我的父母购买他们的第一台冰箱时，他们几乎别无选择！
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42
Yes, there's been quite a change.
是的，发生了很大的变化。
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43
Right, let's make a list of topics to cover in our presentation,
好的，让我们列出要在演示中涵盖的主题列表，
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44
and decide who's going to do more research on them.
并决定谁将对它们进行更多研究。
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45
Then later, we can get together and plan the next step.
然后，我们可以聚在一起计划下一步。
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46
OK.
好的。
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47
How about starting with how useful refrigeration is,
我们先从制冷的有用性开始吧，
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48
and the range of goods that are refrigerated nowadays?
现在冷藏的商品范围有哪些？
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49
Because of course it's not just food and drinks.
因为当然不仅仅是食物和饮料。
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50
No, I suppose flowers and medicines are refrigerated, too.
不，我想鲜花和药品也可以冷藏。
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51
And computers.
还有电脑。
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52
I could do that, unless you particularly want to.
我可以这么做，除非你特别愿意。
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53
No, that's fine by me.
不，这对我来说没问题。
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54
What about the effects of refrigeration on people's health?
那么冷藏对人们的健康有什么影响呢？
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55
After all, some of the chemicals used in the 19th century were pretty harmful,
毕竟，19 世纪使用的一些化学物质非常有害，
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56
but there have been lots of benefits too,
但也带来了很多好处
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57
like always having access to fresh food.
就像总是能够获得新鲜食物一样。
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58
Do you fancy dealing with that?
你喜欢处理这个吗？
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59
I'm not terribly keen, to be honest.
说实话，我并不是很热衷。
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60
Nor me.
我也不行。
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61
My mind just goes blank when I read anything about chemicals.
当我读到任何有关化学品的内容时，我的大脑一片空白。
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62
Oh, all right then, I'll do you a favour.
哦，好吧，那我就帮你个忙。
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63
But you owe me, Jack.
但你欠我的，杰克。
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64
OK.
好的。
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65
What about the effects on food producers,
对食品生产商的影响如何？
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66
like farmers in poorer countries being able to export their produce to developed countries?
比如较贫穷国家的农民能够将他们的产品出口到发达国家吗？
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67
Something for you, maybe?
也许有什么适合你的？
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68
I don't mind. It should be quite interesting.
我不介意。应该很有趣。
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69
I think we should also look at how refrigeration has helped whole cities - like Las Vegas,
我认为我们还应该看看制冷是如何帮助整个城市的——比如拉斯维加斯，
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70
which couldn't exist without refrigeration
没有冷藏就不可能存在
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71
because it's in the middle of a desert.
因为它位于沙漠中间。
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72
Right.
正确的。
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73
I had a quick look at an economics book in the library that's got a chapter about this sort of thing.
我在图书馆快速浏览了一本经济学书籍，其中有一章是关于此类事情的。
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74
I could give you the title, if you want to do this section.
如果你想做这一部分，我可以给你标题。
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75
Not particularly, to be honest.
老实说，不是特别。
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76
I find economics books pretty heavy going, as a rule.
一般来说，我发现经济学书籍相当繁重。
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77
OK, leave it to me, then.
好吧，那就交给我吧。
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78
Thanks.
谢谢。
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79
Then there's transport,
然后就是交通，
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80
and the difference that refrigerated trucks have made.
以及冷藏车所带来的改变。
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81
I wouldn't mind having a go at that.
我不介意尝试一下。
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82
Don't forget trains, too.
别忘了还有火车。
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83
I read something about milk and butter being transported in refrigerated railroad cars in the USA,
我读到一些关于美国用冷藏火车车厢运输牛奶和黄油的信息，
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84
right back in the 1840s.
回到 1840 年代。
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85
I hadn't thought of trains. Thanks.
我没想过火车。谢谢。
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86
Shall we have a separate section on domestic fridges?
我们可以单独设立一个关于家用冰箱的部分吗？
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87
After all, they're something everyone's familiar with.
毕竟，它们是每个人都熟悉的东西。
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88
What about splitting it into two?
如果把它分成两部分呢？
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89
You could investigate 19th- and 20th-century fridges,
你可以研究 19 世纪和 20 世纪的冰箱，
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90
and I'll concentrate on what's available these days,
我会专注于这些天可用的内容，
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91
and how manufacturers differentiate their products from those of their competitors.
以及制造商如何将其产品与竞争对手的产品区分开来。
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92
OK, that'd suit me.
好的，那很适合我。
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