剑桥雅思 15 Test 4 Part 4 听力精听与听写练习

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剑桥雅思 15 Test 4 Part 4 Transcript / 听力原文

1

Hi everyone,

大家好，
2

in this session I'll be presenting my research about the social history of Britain during the Industrial Revolution.

在本次会议中，我将介绍我对工业革命期间英国社会史的研究。
3

I particularly looked at how ordinary lives were affected by changes that happened at that time.

我特别关注当时发生的变化如何影响普通生活。
4

This was a time that saw the beginning of a new phenomenon; consumerism -

这是一个新现象开始出现的时期。消费主义——
5

where buying and selling goods became a major part of ordinary people's lives.

在那里买卖商品成为普通百姓生活的重要组成部分。
6

In fact, it was in the 19th century that the quantity and quality of people's possessions

事实上，正是在19世纪，人们财产的数量和质量才开始提高。
7

was used as an indication of the wealth of the country.

被用来作为国家财富的标志。
8

Before this, the vast majority of people had very few possessions,

在此之前，绝大多数人拥有的财产很少，
9

but all that was changed by the Industrial Revolution.

但这一切都被工业革命改变了。
10

This was the era from the mid-18th to the late 19th century,

这是18世纪中叶到19世纪末的时代，
11

when improvements in how goods were made

当商品制造方式得到改进时
12

as well as in technology triggered massive social changes

以及技术引发了巨大的社会变革
13

that transformed life for just about everybody in several key areas.

这在几个关键领域改变了几乎每个人的生活。
14

First let's look at manufacturing.

首先我们来看制造业。
15

When it comes to manufacturing,

当谈到制造时，
16

we tend to think of the Industrial Revolution in images of steam engines and coal.

我们倾向于以蒸汽机和煤炭的形象来思考工业革命。
17

And it's true that the Industrial Revolution couldn't have taken place at all

确实，工业革命根本不可能发生
18

if it weren't for these new sources of power.

如果没有这些新的能源。
19

They marked an important shift away from the traditional watermills and windmills

它们标志着传统水车和风车的重要转变
20

that had dominated before this.

在此之前曾占主导地位。
21

The most advanced industry for much of the 19th century was textiles.

19 世纪的大部分时间里，最先进的工业是纺织业。
22

This meant that fashionable fabrics, and lace and ribbons were made available to everyone.

这意味着每个人都可以使用时尚面料、蕾丝和丝带。
23

Before the Industrial Revolution, most people made goods to sell in small workshops,

工业革命之前，大多数人在小作坊里生产商品并出售，
24

often in their own homes.

经常在自己家里。
25

But enormous new machines were now being created

但现在正在创造巨大的新机器
26

that could produce the goods faster and on a larger scale,

可以更快、更大规模地生产商品，
27

and these required a lot more space.

这些需要更多的空间。
28

So large factories were built,

于是建造了大型工厂，
29

replacing the workshops, and forcing workers to travel to work.

更换车间，迫使工人上班。
30

In fact, large numbers of people migrated from villages into towns as a result.

事实上，大量人口因此从村庄迁移到城镇。
31

As well as manufacturing, there were new technologies in transport,

除了制造业之外，运输业也出现了新技术，
32

contributing to the growth of consumerism.

促进了消费主义的发展。
33

The horse-drawn stagecoaches and carts of the 18th century,

18世纪的马车和马车，
34

which carried very few people and goods,

运载的人员和货物很少，
35

and travelled slowly along poorly surfaced roads,

沿着路面状况不佳的道路缓慢行驶，
36

were gradually replaced by the numerous canals that were constructed.

逐渐被修建的众多运河所取代。
37

These were particularly important for the transportation of goods.

这些对于货物运输尤其重要。
38

The canals gradually fell out of use, though, as railways were developed,

然而，随着铁路的发展，运河逐渐不再使用，
39

becoming the main way of moving goods and people from one end of the country to the other.

成为将货物和人员从国家的一端运送到另一端的主要方式。
40

And the goods they moved weren't just coal, iron, clothes, and so on -

而他们搬的货物不仅仅是煤炭、铁、衣服等等——
41

significantly, they included newspapers,

值得注意的是，其中包括报纸，
42

which meant that thousands of people were not only more knowledgeable about what was going on in the country,

这意味着成千上万的人不仅更加了解这个国家正在发生的事情，
43

but could also read about what was available in the shops.

但也可以了解商店里有什么商品。
44

And that encouraged them to buy more.

这鼓励他们购买更多。
45

so faster forms of transport resulted in distribution becoming far more efficient -

因此更快的运输方式导致配送变得更加高效 -
46

goods could now be sold all over the country, instead of just in the local market.

商品现在可以销往全国各地，而不仅仅是在当地市场。
47

The third main area that saw changes that contributed to consumerism was retailing.

促成消费主义变化的第三个主要领域是零售业。
48

The number and quality of shops grew rapidly,

商铺数量和质量快速增长，
49

and in particular, small shops suffered as customers flocked to the growing number of department stores -

特别是，随着顾客涌向越来越多的百货商店，小商店受到了影响 -
50

a form of retailing that was new in the 19th century.

19 世纪新兴的一种零售形式。
51

The entrepreneurs who opened these found new ways to stock them with goods,

开设这些商店的企业家找到了储存商品的新方法，
52

and to attract customers:

并吸引顾客：
53

for instance, improved lighting inside greatly increased the visibility of the goods for sale.

例如，改进的内部照明大大提高了待售商品的可见度。
54

Another development that made goods more visible from outside resulted from the use of plate glass,

另一项使商品从外部更清晰可见的发展是平板玻璃的使用，
55

which made it possible for windows to be much larger than previously.

这使得窗户比以前大得多成为可能。
56

New ways of promoting goods were introduced, too.

还引入了推销商品的新方式。
57

Previously, the focus had been on informing potential customers about the availability of goods;

此前，重点是告知潜在客户商品的供应情况；
58

now there was an explosion in advertising trying to persuade people to go shopping.

现在试图说服人们去购物的广告激增。
59

Flanders claims that one of the great effects of the Industrial Revolution was that it created choice.

弗兰德斯声称，工业革命的巨大影响之一是它创造了选择。
60

All sorts of things that had previously been luxuries -

各种曾经是奢侈品的东西——
61

from sugar to cutlery - became conveniences,

从糖到餐具——成为便利，
62

and before long they'd turned into necessities:

不久之后，它们就变成了必需品：
63

life without sugar or cutlery was unimaginable.

没有糖或餐具的生活是难以想象的。
64

Rather like mobile phones these days!

现在更像手机了！

剑桥雅思 15 Test 4 Part 4 听力精听与听写练习 - 心流雅思

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剑桥雅思 15 Test 4 Part 4 Transcript / 听力原文

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