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剑桥雅思 17 Test 4 Part 4 Transcript / 听力原文
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Hello everyone.
大家好。
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Today we're going to look at another natural food product
今天我们来看看另一种天然食品
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and that's maple syrup.
那就是枫糖浆。
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What is this exactly?
这到底是什么？
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Well, maple syrup looks rather like clear honey,
嗯，枫糖浆看起来很像透明的蜂蜜，
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but it's not made by bees;
但它不是由蜜蜂制造的；
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it's produced from the plant fluid, or sap, inside the maple tree
它是由枫树内部的植物液或汁液产生的
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and that makes maple syrup a very natural product.
这使得枫糖浆成为一种非常天然的产品。
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Maple syrup is a thick, golden, sweet-tasting liquid
枫糖浆是一种浓稠、金黄色、味道甜美的液体
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that can be bought in bottles or jars
可以购买瓶装或罐装的
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and poured onto food such as waffles and ice cream
倒在华夫饼和冰淇淋等食物上
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or used in the baking of cakes and pastries.
或用于蛋糕和糕点的烘焙。
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It contains no preservatives or added ingredients,
它不含防腐剂或添加成分，
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and it provides a healthy alternative to refined sugar.
它提供了精制糖的健康替代品。
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Let's just talk a bit about the maple tree itself,
我们来谈谈枫树本身，
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which is where maple syrup comes from.
这就是枫糖浆的产地。
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So, there are many species of maple tree,
所以，枫树有很多种，
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and they'll grow without fertilizer in areas where there's plenty of moisture in the soil.
在土壤水分充足的地区，它们无需施肥即可生长。
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However, they'll only do this if another important criterion is fulfilled,
然而，只有满足另一个重要标准，他们才会这样做，
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which is that they must have full or partial sun exposure during the day and very cool nights,
也就是说，它们必须在白天和非常凉爽的夜晚接受全部或部分阳光照射，
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and I'll talk more about that in a minute.
我稍后会详细讨论这一点。
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There are only certain parts of the world that provide all these conditions:
世界上只有某些地区可以提供所有这些条件：
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one is Canada,
一是加拿大，
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and by that, I mean all parts of Canada,
我指的是加拿大所有地区
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and the other is the north-eastern states of North America.
另一个是北美东北部各州。
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In these areas, the climate suits the trees perfectly.
在这些地区，气候非常适合树木。
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In fact, Canada produces over two-thirds of the world's maple syrup,
事实上，加拿大生产了世界上三分之二以上的枫糖浆，
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which is why the five-pointed maple leaf is a Canadian symbol
这就是为什么五尖枫叶是加拿大的象征
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and has featured on the flag since 1964.
自 1964 年以来一直出现在国旗上。
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So how did maple syrup production begin?
那么枫糖浆的生产是如何开始的呢？
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Well, long before Europeans settled in these parts of the world,
嗯，早在欧洲人在世界这些地方定居之前，
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the indigenous communities had started producing maple sugar.
土著社区已开始生产枫糖。
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They bored holes in the trunks of maple trees
他们在枫树的树干上钻了洞
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and used containers made of tree bark to collect the liquid sap as it poured out.
并使用树皮制成的容器来收集流出的液体汁液。
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As they were unable to keep the liquid for any length of time,
由于他们无法长时间保留液体，
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they didn't have storage facilities in those days,
那时他们没有储藏设施，
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they boiled the liquid by placing pieces of rock that had become scorching hot from the sun into the sap.
他们通过将被太阳晒得滚烫的岩石块放入树液中来煮沸液体。
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They did this until it turned into sugar,
他们这样做直到它变成糖，
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and they were then able to use this to sweeten their food and drinks.
然后他们就可以用它来使食物和饮料变甜。
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Since that time, improvements have been made to the process,
从那时起，对流程进行了改进，
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but it has changed very little overall.
但总体来说变化很小。
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So let's look at the production of maple syrup today.
那么今天我们就来看看枫糖浆的制作过程吧。
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Clearly, the maple forests are a valuable resource in many Canadian and North American communities.
显然，枫林是许多加拿大和北美社区的宝贵资源。
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The trees have to be well looked after
树木必须得到很好的照顾
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and they cannot be used to make syrup until the trunks reach a diameter of around 25 centimetres.
在树干直径达到 25 厘米左右之前，它们不能用来制作糖浆。
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This can take anything up to 40 years.
这可能需要长达 40 年的时间。
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As I've already mentioned,
正如我已经提到的，
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maple trees need the right conditions to grow and also to produce sap.
枫树需要合适的条件才能生长并产生树液。
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Why is this?
这是为什么呢？
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Well, what happens is that during a cold night,
嗯，发生的事情是在一个寒冷的夜晚，
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the tree absorbs water from the soil,
树从土壤中吸收水分，
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and that rises through the tree's vascular system.
它通过树的血管系统上升。
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But then in the warmer daytime,
但后来在温暖的白天，
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the change in temperature causes the water to be pushed back down to the bottom of the tree.
温度的变化导致水被推回到树的底部。
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This continual movement, up and down,
这种上下不断的运动，
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leads to the formation of the sap needed for maple syrup production.
导致枫糖浆生产所需的汁液形成。
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When the tree is ready,
当树准备好时，
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it can be tapped and this involves drilling a small hole into the trunk
它可以被攻丝，这需要在树干上钻一个小孔
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and inserting a tube into it that ends in a bucket.
并将一根末端为桶的管子插入其中。
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The trees can often take several taps,
树木常常需要多次点击，
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though the workers take care not to cause any damage to the healthy growth of the tree itself.
尽管工人们小心翼翼地不要对树木本身的健康生长造成任何损害。
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The sap that comes out of the trees consists of 98% water
从树中流出的汁液98%是水
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and 2% sugar and other nutrients.
以及2%的糖和其他营养成分。
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It has to be boiled so that much of that water evaporates,
必须将其煮沸，以便大部分水分蒸发，
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and this process has to take place immediately, using what are called evaporators.
这个过程必须立即进行，使用所谓的蒸发器。
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These are basically extremely large pans,
这些基本上都是非常大的平底锅，
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the sap is poured into these,
将汁液倒入其中，
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a fire is built and the pans are then heated until the sap boils.
生火，然后加热锅直至汁液沸腾。
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As it does this, the water evaporates, and the syrup begins to form.
当它这样做时，水蒸发，糖浆开始形成。
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The evaporation process creates large quantities of steam,
蒸发过程产生大量蒸汽，
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and the sap becomes thicker and denser, and, at just the right moment,
汁液变得越来越稠密，并且在适当的时刻，
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when the sap is thick enough to be called maple syrup,
当树液浓稠到可以称为枫糖浆时，
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the worker removes it from the heat.
工人将其从火上移开。
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After this process, something called 'sugar sand' has to be filtered out
在这个过程之后，必须过滤掉一种叫做“糖沙”的东西
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as this builds up during the boiling and gives the syrup a cloudy appearance and a slightly gritty taste.
因为它在煮沸过程中积累，使糖浆呈现浑浊的外观和略带砂砾的味道。
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Once this has been done,
一旦完成此操作，
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the syrup is ready to be packaged so that it can be used for a whole variety of products.
该糖浆已准备好包装，以便可用于各种产品。
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It takes 40 litres of sap to produce one litre of maple syrup
生产一升枫糖浆需要 40 升树液
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so you can get an idea of how much is needed!
这样您就可以了解需要多少！
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So that's the basic process...
这就是基本过程...
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