剑桥雅思 15 Test 1 Part 4 听力精听与听写练习 - 心流雅思

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剑桥雅思 15 Test 1 Part 4 Transcript / 听力原文

1. 1

   Today I'm going to talk about the eucalyptus tree.

   今天我要讲的是桉树。

2. 2

   This is a very common tree here in Australia,

   这是澳大利亚很常见的树，

3. 3

   where it's also sometimes called the gum tree.

   有时也被称为橡胶树。

4. 4

   First I'm going to talk about why it's important,

   首先我要谈谈为什么它很重要

5. 5

   then I'm going to describe some problems it faces at present.

   然后我会描述一下它目前面临的一些问题。

6. 6

   Right, well the eucalyptus tree is an important tree for lots of reasons.

   是的，桉树是一棵重要的树有很多原因。

7. 7

   For example, it gives shelter to creatures like birds and bats,

   例如，它为鸟类和蝙蝠等生物提供庇护，

8. 8

   and these and other species also depend on it for food,

   这些和其他物种也依赖它作为食物，

9. 9

   particularly the nectar from its flowers.

   尤其是它的花朵中的花蜜。

10. 10

    So it supports biodiversity.

    因此它支持生物多样性。

11. 11

    It's useful to us humans too,

    对我们人类也很有用

12. 12

    because we can kill germs with a disinfectant made from oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves.

    因为我们可以用从桉树叶中提取的油制成的消毒剂来杀死细菌。

13. 13

    The eucalyptus grows all over Australia

    桉树遍布澳大利亚各地

14. 14

    and the trees can live for up to 400 years.

    树木的寿命可达 400 年。

15. 15

    So it's alarming that all across the country,

    所以令人震惊的是，全国各地

16. 16

    numbers of eucalyptus are falling because the trees are dying off prematurely.

    由于树木过早死亡，桉树数量正在减少。

17. 17

    So what are the reasons for this?

    那么造成这种情况的原因有哪些呢？

18. 18

    One possible reason is disease.

    可能的原因之一是疾病。

19. 19

    As far back as the 1970s the trees started getting a disease called Mundulla Yellows.

    早在 20 世纪 70 年代，树木就开始感染一种称为蒙杜拉黄化病的疾病。

20. 20

    The trees' leaves would gradually turn yellow, then the tree would die.

    树的叶子会逐渐变黄，然后树就会死掉。

21. 21

    It wasn't until 2004 that they found the cause of the problem was lime,

    直到2004年他们才发现问题的原因是石灰，

22. 22

    or calcium hydroxide to give it its proper chemical name,

    或氢氧化钙赋予其正确的化学名称，

23. 23

    which was being used in the construction of roads.

    它被用于修建道路。

24. 24

    The lime was being washed away into the ground and affecting the roots of the eucalyptus trees nearby.

    石灰被冲入地下，影响了附近桉树的根部。

25. 25

    What it was doing was preventing the trees from sucking up the iron they needed for healthy growth.

    它的作用是阻止树木吸收健康生长所需的铁。

26. 26

    When this was injected back into the affected trees, they immediately recovered.

    当将其注射回受影响的树木时，它们立即康复。

27. 27

    But this problem only affected a relatively small number of trees.

    但这个问题只影响了相对少数的树木。

28. 28

    By 2000, huge numbers of eucalyptus were dying along Australia's East Coast,

    到 2000 年，澳大利亚东海岸大量桉树死亡，

29. 29

    of a disease known as Bell-miner Associated Die-back.

    一种被称为贝尔矿工相关枯萎病的疾病。

30. 30

    The bell-miner is a bird,

    敲钟人是一只鸟，

31. 31

    and the disease seems to be common where there are high populations of bell-miners.

    在钟矿工人较多的地方，这种疾病似乎很常见。

32. 32

    Again it's the leaves of the trees that are affected.

    同样，受影响的是树叶。

33. 33

    What happens is that insects settle on the leaves

    发生的情况是昆虫落在叶子上

34. 34

    and eat their way round them, destroying them as they go,

    并在他们周围吃掉他们，边走边消灭他们，

35. 35

    and at the same time they secrete a solution which has sugar in it.

    同时它们会分泌一种含有糖的溶液。

36. 36

    The bell-miner birds really like this solution,

    鸣钟鸟非常喜欢这个解决方案，

37. 37

    and in order to get as much as possible,

    并且为了得到尽可能多的东西，

38. 38

    they keep away other creatures that might try to get it.

    它们会阻止其他可能试图获取它的生物。

39. 39

    So these birds and insects flourish at the expense of other species,

    所以这些鸟类和昆虫的繁盛是以牺牲其他物种为代价的，

40. 40

    and eventually so much damage is done to the leaves that the tree dies.

    最终树叶受到严重损害，导致树死亡。

41. 41

    But experts say that trees can start looking sick before any sign of Bell-miner Associated Die-back.

    但专家表示，在贝尔矿工相关枯死出现任何迹象之前，树木就可能开始出现病态。

42. 42

    So it looks as if the problem might have another explanation.

    所以看起来这个问题可能有另一种解释。

43. 43

    One possibility is that it's to do with the huge bushfires that we have in Australia.

    一种可能性是，这与澳大利亚发生的巨大丛林大火有关。

44. 44

    A theory proposed over 40 years ago by ecologist William Jackson

    生态学家威廉·杰克逊 40 多年前提出的理论

45. 45

    is that the frequency of bushfires in a particular region affects the type of vegetation that grows there.

    特定地区丛林火灾的频率会影响那里生长的植被类型。

46. 46

    If there are very frequent bushfires in a region,

    如果某个地区经常发生森林火灾，

47. 47

    this encourages grass to grow afterwards,

    这会促进草的生长，

48. 48

    while if the bushfires are rather less frequent,

    而如果丛林大火不太频繁，

49. 49

    this results in the growth of eucalyptus forests.

    这导致了桉树林的生长。

50. 50

    So why is this?

    那么这是为什么呢？

51. 51

    Why do fairly frequent bushfires actually support the growth of eucalyptus?

    为什么相当频繁的丛林大火实际上有利于桉树的生长？

52. 52

    Well, one reason is that the fire stops the growth of other species

    原因之一是火灾阻止了其他物种的生长

53. 53

    which would consume water needed by eucalyptus trees.

    这会消耗桉树所需的水。

54. 54

    And there's another reason.

    还有另一个原因。

55. 55

    If these other quick-growing species of bushes and plants are allowed to proliferate,

    如果允许这些其他快速生长的灌木和植物种类繁殖，

56. 56

    they harm the eucalyptus in another way,

    它们以另一种方式伤害桉树，

57. 57

    by affecting the composition of the soil, and removing nutrients from it.

    通过影响土壤的成分并去除其中的养分。

58. 58

    So some bushfires are actually essential for the eucalyptus to survive

    所以一些丛林大火实际上对于桉树的生存至关重要

59. 59

    as long as they are not too frequent.

    只要它们不是太频繁。

60. 60

    In fact there's evidence that Australia's indigenous people practised regular burning of bush land for thousands of years

    事实上，有证据表明，澳大利亚土著人民几千年来一直定期焚烧灌木丛

61. 61

    before the arrival of the Europeans.

    在欧洲人到来之前。

62. 62

    But since Europeans arrived on the continent,

    但自从欧洲人到达非洲大陆以来

63. 63

    the number of bushfires has been strictly controlled.

    丛林大火的数量得到了严格控制。

64. 64

    Now scientists believe that this reduced frequency of bushfires to low levels

    现在科学家认为这将丛林大火的频率降低到了较低水平

65. 65

    has led to what's known as 'dry rainforest',

    导致了所谓的“干燥雨林”

66. 66

    which seems an odd name as usually we associate tropical rainforest with wet conditions.

    这似乎是一个奇怪的名字，因为我们通常将热带雨林与潮湿的环境联系起来。

67. 67

    And what's special about this type of rainforest?

    这种雨林有什么特别之处？

68. 68

    Well, unlike tropical rainforest which is a rich ecosystem,

    嗯，与生态系统丰富的热带雨林不同，

69. 69

    this type of ecosystem is usually a simple one.

    这种类型的生态系统通常很简单。

70. 70

    It has very thick, dense vegetation,

    这里的植被非常茂密，

71. 71

    but not much variety of species.

    但品种不多。

72. 72

    The vegetation provides lots of shade,

    植被提供充足的阴凉处，

73. 73

    so one species that does find it ideal is the bell-miner bird,

    因此，确实有一个理想的物种是鸣钟鸟，

74. 74

    which builds its nests in the undergrowth there.

    它在那里的灌木丛中筑巢。

75. 75

    But again that's not helpful for the eucalyptus tree.

    但这对桉树来说同样没有帮助。

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