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剑桥雅思 15 Test 2 Part 4 Transcript / 听力原文
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I'm going to report on a case study of a programme
我要报告一个程序的案例研究
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which has been set up to help rural populations in Mozambique,
该组织的成立是为了帮助莫桑比克的农村人口，
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a largely agricultural country in South-East Africa.
东南非洲的一个以农业为主的国家。
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The programme worked with three communities in Chicualacuala district,
该计划与 Chicualacuala 区的三个社区合作，
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near the Limpopo River.
靠近林波波河。
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This is a dry and arid region, with unpredictable rainfall.
这是一个干燥干旱的地区，降雨量难以预测。
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Because of this, people in the area were unable to support themselves through agriculture
因此，该地区的人们无法通过农业养活自己
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and instead they used the forest as a means of providing themselves with an income,
相反，他们利用森林作为为自己提供收入的手段，
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mainly by selling charcoal.
主要靠卖木炭。
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However, this was not a sustainable way of living in the long term,
然而，从长远来看，这并不是一种可持续的生活方式，
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as they were rapidly using up this resource.
因为他们正在迅速耗尽这一资源。
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To support agriculture in this dry region,
为了支持这个干旱地区的农业，
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the programme focused primarily on making use of existing water resources from the Limpopo River
该计划主要侧重于利用林波波河的现有水资源
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by setting up systems of irrigation,
通过建立灌溉系统，
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which would provide a dependable water supply for crops and animals.
这将为农作物和动物提供可靠的供水。
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The programme worked closely with the district government in order to find the best way of implementing this.
该计划与区政府密切合作，以找到实施这一计划的最佳方式。
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The region already had one farmers' association,
该地区已有一个农民协会，
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and it was decided to set up two more of these.
并决定再设立两个这样的机构。
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These associations planned and carried out activities including water management,
这些协会规划并开展了包括水管理、
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livestock breeding and agriculture,
畜牧业和农业，
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and it was notable that in general, women formed the majority of the workforce.
值得注意的是，总体而言，妇女占劳动力的大多数。
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It was decided that in order to keep the crops safe from animals, both wild and domestic,
决定为了保护农作物免受野生和家养动物的侵害，
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special areas should be fenced off where the crops could be grown.
可以种植农作物的特殊区域应用栅栏围起来。
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The community was responsible for creating these fences,
社区负责建造这些围栏，
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but the programme provided the necessary wire for making them.
但该程序提供了制作它们所需的电线。
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Once the area had been fenced off, it could be cultivated.
一旦该地区被围起来，就可以耕种了。
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The land was dug, so that vegetables and cereals appropriate to the climate could be grown,
土地被挖掘出来，以便种植适合气候的蔬菜和谷物，
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and the programme provided the necessary seeds for this.
该计划为此提供了必要的种子。
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The programme also provided pumps so that water could be brought from the river in pipes to the fields.
该计划还提供了水泵，以便通过管道将河水输送到田间。
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However, the labour was all provided by local people,
但劳动力全部是当地人提供的，
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and they also provided and put up the posts that supported the fences around the fields.
他们还提供并竖立了支撑田地周围栅栏的柱子。
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Once the programme had been set up,
计划确定后，
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its development was monitored carefully.
它的发展受到仔细监测。
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The farmers were able to grow enough produce
农民能够种植足够的农产品
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not just for their own needs, but also to sell.
不仅是为了自己的需要，也是为了销售。
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However, getting the produce to places where it could be marketed was sometimes a problem,
然而，将产品运送到可以销售的地方有时是一个问题，
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as the farmers did not have access to transport,
由于农民没有交通工具，
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and this resulted in large amounts of produce,
这导致了大量的农产品，
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especially vegetables, being spoiled.
尤其是蔬菜，已经变质了。
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This problem was discussed with the farmers' associations
这个问题与农民协会进行了讨论
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and it was decided that in order to prevent food from being spoiled,
并决定，为了防止食物变质，
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the farmers needed to learn techniques for its preservation.
农民需要学习其保存技术。
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There was also an additional initiative that had not been originally planned,
还有一项原本没有计划的额外举措，
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but which became a central feature of the programme.
但这成为该计划的核心特征。
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This was when farmers started to dig holes for tanks in the fenced-off areas
这时农民们开始在围栏区域挖洞安装坦克
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and to fill these with water and use them for breeding fish -
并把它们装满水并用它们来养鱼 -
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an important source of protein.
蛋白质的重要来源。
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After a time, another suggestion was made by local people
过了一段时间，当地人又提出了一个建议
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which hadn't been part of the programme's original proposal,
这并不是该计划最初提案的一部分，
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but which was also adopted later on.
但后来也被采用了。
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They decided to try setting up colonies of bees,
他们决定尝试建立蜜蜂群，
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which would provide honey both for their own consumption and to sell.
这将为他们自己消费和出售提供蜂蜜。
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So what lessons can be learned from this programme?
那么，我们可以从这个计划中吸取哪些教训呢？
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First of all, it tells us that in dry, arid regions,
首先，它告诉我们，在干燥、干旱的地区，
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if there is access to a reliable source of water,
如果有可靠的水源，
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there is great potential for the development of agriculture.
农业发展潜力巨大。
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In Chicualacuala, there was a marked improvement in agricultural production,
在奇夸拉夸拉，农业生产显着改善，
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which improved food security
改善了粮食安全
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and benefited local people by providing them with both food and income.
并为当地人民提供食物和收入，使他们受益。
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However, it's important to set realistic timelines for each phase of the programme,
然而，为该计划的每个阶段设定切合实际的时间表非常重要，
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especially for its design,
尤其是它的设计，
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as mistakes made at this stage may be hard to correct later on.
因为这个阶段犯下的错误以后可能很难纠正。
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The programme demonstrates that sustainable development is possible in areas where...
该计划表明，可持续发展在以下领域是可能的……
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